When your pet has anxiety, they’re stuck in “survival mode,” even if they’re not in danger. Whether they panic every day when you leave for work, or they turn into a quivering mess during thunderstorms or vet visits, your pet depends on you to care for their mental well-being. If you’re wondering if prescription anxiety medications could help your pet, here’s a rundown on the basics.

Prescription Anxiety Medications for Pets: How Do They Work?
If your pet experiences anxiety regularly, for example, if they’re highly reactive on walks, if they suffer from compulsive behaviors, or they struggle with separation anxiety, they’ll most likely need to take medication every day.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like fluoxetine (brand name Reconcile), sertraline, and paroxetine, as well as tricyclic antidepressants like Clomicalm (clomipramine) and serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitors (SARIs) like trazodone are prescribed for daily use.
It takes about 4 weeks for SSRIs and similar drugs to build up in your pet’s bloodstream and begin to take effect. They work by increasing the amount of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that stabilizes mood, in the brain.
If your pet is triggered by specific events like vet visits, travel, thunderstorms, or grooming appointments, you might need a fast-acting, short-term medication for occasional use. Sileo (dexmedetomidine) works by reducing norepinephrine, a hormone that causes symptoms of anxiety like an increased heart rate.
Sometimes veterinarians prescribe an antihistamine, commonly used to treat symptoms of allergies, to relieve anxiety. Antihistamines like hydroxyzine have a mild sedative effect and work best for short-term use, but they can cause drowsiness and tend to lose their effectiveness when used over time.

How Will I Know if My Pet Needs Anxiety Medication?
Your veterinarian may prescribe anxiety medication if you have tried behavioral modification training, over-the-counter anxiety remedies, and lifestyle management without success. But if your pet’s anxiety issue is severe, or puts your pet or others at risk, medication need not be the last resort.
When your pet is overly anxious, you may struggle to get their attention, let alone make much progress with training and behavioral modification. Medication can put your pet in a calmer state in which they’re more receptive to training. It’s not an instant cure or a shortcut, but it could be a helpful tool that removes obstacles impeding your pet’s progress.

Will My Pet Need To Take Their Anxiety Medication Forever?
For pets on anxiety medication, the goal is usually to use the meds alongside other therapies like counter-conditioning and training, along with lifestyle changes which may include increased exercise and mental stimulation. As your pet makes progress, they may one day no longer need their medication. Some pets will always need to take medication to ensure their comfort and best quality of life.

Do Anxiety Medications for Pets Have Side Effects?
When prescribed by your veterinarian, anxiety medications are generally safe for pets. However, there are some side effects that can occur, and as with any prescription medication, there is always the possibility of your pet having an allergic reaction.
Common side effects of anxiety medications in pets include tiredness, lack of appetite, and GI upset. These side effects may be present when the pet first begins taking medication and should subside within a few weeks. Let your veterinarian know if side effects continue, and seek emergency veterinary care if your pet experiences seizures, facial swelling, or trouble breathing.

Can I Use Human Medications To Treat My Pet?
No, you should never give medications prescribed to you or anyone else to your pet. Medications for humans come in different doses and formulations that can make them highly toxic to cats and dogs.

Are There Alternatives To Prescription Anxiety Medications for Pets?
You can try over-the-counter anxiety remedies, but it’s best to talk to your vet before starting anything new, even if a prescription is not required. Always use products formulated for pets, as human over-the-counter medications can contain ingredients that are toxic to cats and dogs, and may be difficult to dose safely.